The Five Pillars Of Islam
THE FRIDAY FIVE
September 11,2001 changed everything. It was a Tuesday morning. I was sitting in my study preparing for the following Sunday when my wife (Wendy) called to say an air plane had flown into the side of the World Trade Center in New York City. The tragedy of that day is now etched in our minds. We may not have thought much about Islam before that day, but it certainly occupies our thinking now. Almost every day we hear something on the news about Islam and Muslims 1 and we all may have opinions on whether Islam is a religion of terror or a religion of peace (perhaps something on that another time).
I get a kick out of watching the little Muslim girls on my street playing street hockey with the boys wearing their hijabs 2. Around the corner is perhaps one of the largest Muslim shopping areas in the country, many stores displaying Arabic on their signs and advertisements. In the city where I live, Toronto, Canada, and in my neighbourhood in particular there are signs of Islam everywhere. Eleven years after 9/11 Islam has our attention.
You too may be much more aware of Islam then ever before and yet wonder, who are these people and what do they believe? Obviously I can’t answer those questions in one blog post but for our Friday Five I thought I’d share with you the “Five Pillars” of Islam. These are the five fundamental beliefs or practices that are the foundation of Islam.
1. The Shahada - The Creed
After doctors inspect a new born baby boy, a Muslim father will whisper into his ear words that he will hear all his life. They are the words of the Muslim creed, “There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” These words are repeated through his whole life and even at death. Every Muslim is to repeat those words daily to demonstrate their allegiance to Allah.
2. The Salat - Prayer
Prayer is the most basic tenet of Islam and is the ultimate worship of a Muslim. The call to prayer is consistent. “God is great. God is great. God is great. God is great. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God. I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God. I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God. Come to prayer! Come to prayer! Come to success! Come to success! God is great! God is great.”
Allah will only hear their prayers if they are physically clean therefore Muslims must perform a cleaning ritual before they pray. 3 Prayer is not personal as in talking to Allah personally but is rather ritualistic and according to formula. Prayer in the Mosque is considered 25 times greater than individually. It is believed that if prayers are not repeated 5 times a day the Muslim will forget about Allah.
3. The Zakat - Almsgiving
It is believed that Almsgiving cleanses the Muslim of greed and selfishness while at the same time relieving and bettering the community. Muslims are to understand that Allah owns everything and they are obligated to give 2.5 % of their income after expenses. 4
4. The Saum - Ramadan Fast
You may be familiar with Ramadan when Muslims fast from Dawn to Dusk. Ramadan is actually the ninth month of the lunar calendar. During the month of Ramadan the faithful Muslim denies his own needs and seeks Allah. Muslims believe that Muhammad received his revelation from Allah in the form of the Qur’an during the month of Ramadan. 5 So Ramadan is a time of celebrating Allah and the Koran which the Muslim is to recite more often during Ramadan.
Usually the fasting entails no drinking, eating, or sexual relations during the daylight hours during the entire month. Not to participate in Ramadan (without legitimate exemption) is considered to be an unpardonable sin with potential eternal consequences.
Each evening the feast is broken with a gathering at the family meal called the Iftar. The meal starts with the eating of one or more (usually three) dates just as Muhammad used to do. Then it’s time for the Maghrib prayer, which is the fourth of the five daily prayers, after which the main meal is served.
5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca
The Ka’aba, 6 is the focal point of Mecca and the religion of Islam. In the tradition of Islam, Abraham was commanded to sacrifice Ishmael, 7 but Allah provided a ram in his stead. In thanksgiving to Allah, Abraham built a place of worship, which is the Ka’aba. All Muslims are to make a pilgrimage to Mecca to worship at the Ka’aba at least once in their life time. No doubt you have seen TV news footage of thousands of Muslims around the Ka’aba in Mecca.
The pilgrimage to Mecca is the climax of a Muslim’s spiritual journey and they must prepare themselves mentally and spiritually for the trip. Only Muslims are allowed in Mecca and they must wear simple white robes to demonstrate unity and travel a very specific path.
Muslims are united in these five pillars for one main purpose, to find forgiveness and the mercy of Allah that they might enter Paradise. In the faith of Islam there is no ultimate assurance of the forgiveness of sin and salvation. To get to heaven a Muslim believes he/she must work hard to live out these five pillars, meditate and hope for mercy from Allah. Their hope is that some how in the end the scales of justice will be balanced in their favour and Allah might have mercy upon them. 8
In spite of what you might think of Muslims. In spite of what you read in the news about jihad. In spite of the terrorism you may fear. Muslims are people for whom Christ died. People to whom He requires that we take the Good News, the Gospel of Forgiveness Through Jesus Christ.
Giving thanks to the Father,
who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in light.
He has delivered us from the domain of darkness
and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son,
in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
Colossians 1:12-14
1. Islam : Comes from the Arabic verbal noun (like a gerund) s-l-m. The etymology of s-l-m is to submit, accept, or surrender. From this comes Islam’s conventional definition of surrender to God. Generally it speaks of the religion as a whole.
Muslim: Has its roots in the s-l-m verb. It is a participle of the verb and refers to a person who engages in the act of submission, acceptance, or surrender. Therefore a Muslim is a person who submits to the will of God, or a follower of Islam.
2. Head covering
3. Wash their hands up to their wrists three times - rinse out the mouth three times - wash the face from forehead to chin and from ear to ear - wash the forearms up to the elbows three times - pass a wet hand over the whole of the head - wash the feet up to the ankles three times, right then left.
4. This is 2.5% of net balance after paying personal expenses, family expenses, debts taxes etc. A Muslim is required to pay the Zakat if he has the value of 85grams of gold ($3,096.55) at the end of the year.
5. The Qur'an (Koran, Quran) is the Holy Book of Islam. Muslims consider it the actual word of Allah and not the word of Muhammad to whom it was given. Muslim tradition states that the angel Gabriel visited Muhammad and gave him the words directly from Allah. These words were Allah's words of wisdom, truth, and commandments to His creation.
Muhammad claimed that in 610 (believed to be the 26th of Ramadan), while in a cave on Mt. Hirah (now called Mount Jabal Nur), the angel Gabriel appeared to him and gave him revelation and that he continued to receive these revelations until the time of his death in 632.
In fact, since Muhammad could neither read or write, his sayings and claimed revelations were written down on various materials and not actually compiled into the Koran until 651 by the fourth leader of Islam, Caliph Uthman.
6. The Ka'aba (cube in Arabic), a shrine about 60 feet, by 60 feet, by 60 feet, containing hundreds of idols. The Ka'aba was believed to have been built by Abraham and his son Ishmael on the same spot as the first shrine to God built by Adam. (Other notes I have read give different dimensions). On the eastern corner of the Ka'aba is the Black stone called in Arabic, Hajar al Aswad. The Black Stone is probably a meteorite. The Ka'aba was also known as the House of Allah where Allah was recognized as the supreme deity.
7. No this is not a mistake. The Bible says that Abraham was to offer Isaac but as in other familiar Biblical stories Islam has changed them to fit their story.
8. One exception to this is to die in Jihad. If one dies in Jihad against the unbeliever his sins are forgiven and he will enjoy 70 gold couches with 70 virgins in Paradise.